Anthocyanins Prevent Mastitis Exacerbation by Inhibiting PANoptosis Activation

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Pharmacology
• Immunology

Background:

• Mastitis causes significant economic losses in livestock.
• Antibiotic treatments for mastitis lead to drug residues and bacterial resistance.
• There is a critical need for effective, non-antibiotic therapeutic alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins (ACN) for mastitis treatment.
• To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ACN's anti-inflammatory effects in mastitis.
• To evaluate ACN's efficacy in alleviating mastitis severity and blood milk barrier (BMB) damage.

Main Methods:

• Utilized cows, goats, and mice as animal models for mastitis.
• Administered ACN extracts from crabapple fruit.
• Identified cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (C3Gal) as a key active component.
• Investigated the inhibition of PANoptosis and gasdermin D N-terminal activity.

Main Results:

• ACN extracts effectively alleviated mastitis severity and BMB damage in animal models.
• Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (C3Gal) demonstrated significant therapeutic effects.
• C3Gal inhibited PANoptosis activation and suppressed gasdermin D N-terminal activity.
• PANoptosis was identified as a critical pathway in mastitis progression.

Conclusions:

• Anthocyanin extracts are potential alternatives to antibiotics for mastitis treatment.
• Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside offers a promising therapeutic strategy for mastitis.
• Inhibiting PANoptosis is a key mechanism for ACN's anti-inflammatory action in mastitis.