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Social Skill Profiles in ADHD and Comorbid Disorders.

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Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbidities have poorer social skills. Specific deficits vary by comorbidity type and informant, informing personalized interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently comorbid with other conditions.
  • Social skill deficits are common in children with ADHD.
  • Few studies examine social skill patterns based on comorbidity status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize social skill deficit profiles in children with ADHD based on comorbid internalizing, externalizing, or both types of disorders.
  • To investigate informant (parent vs. teacher) and demographic (age, gender) influences on social skill performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large dataset of 1400 children (ages 7-12) with ADHD from the US and Canada.
  • Assessed social skills using parent and teacher ratings on a consistent measure, analyzing global skills and specific subdomains.
  • Examined profiles associated with internalizing (depression/anxiety) and externalizing (ODD/CD) comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Parent ratings showed both comorbidities impacted global social skills, responsibility, and self-control. Internalizing comorbidity affected assertion, while externalizing affected communication, cooperation, and empathy.
  • Teacher ratings indicated externalizing comorbidity was linked to poorer social skills across all domains.
  • Gender and age influenced social skill performance, with girls and younger children showing poorer global skills, and girls and older children showing better specific skills.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ADHD and comorbidities exhibit poorer social skills compared to those with ADHD alone, as reported by parents and teachers.
  • Social skill profiles differ based on the specific comorbid condition and the reporting informant.
  • Findings support the development of tailored social skill interventions for children with ADHD and co-occurring disorders.