A multi-domain lifestyle intervention in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal observational study.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Lifestyle Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) significantly impacts daily functioning and quality of life.
• Lifestyle factors are increasingly recognized as modifiable determinants in chronic disease management.
• A comprehensive approach targeting diet, physical activity, stress, and sleep may offer benefits for MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of a multi-domain lifestyle intervention on the daily functioning and well-being of individuals with multiple sclerosis.
• To assess the intervention's impact on MS-specific symptoms, quality of life, and general health.
• To explore subgroup differences based on program adherence and participant characteristics.

Main Methods:

• A longitudinal observational study design was employed.
• The intervention included a Mediterranean-style diet, physical activity, stress management, and sleep hygiene.
• Data were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up, with outcomes analyzed using mixed-effects models.

Main Results:

• The intervention significantly reduced the impact of multiple sclerosis on physical functioning from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up.
• Mental functioning showed significant improvement across all measured time points.
• Greater effects were observed in participants with higher compliance, obesity, and lower education levels.

Conclusions:

• A multi-domain lifestyle intervention positively influenced daily functioning, MS-related symptoms, mental quality of life, and general health.
• These findings suggest lifestyle modifications can be a valuable component in managing multiple sclerosis.
• Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the causal relationship between lifestyle interventions and MS outcomes.