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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: A Prospective Observational Study

Kartik Natarajan1, Arun Bahulikar2, Deepak S Phalgune3

  • 1Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|June 24, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common and deadly in intensive care units (ICUs). Key risk factors include older age, chronic lung disease, and prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV).

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hospital Epidemiology

Background:

  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) poses a significant threat, particularly early in hospitalization.
  • Limited Indian data exist on VAP incidence and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the occurrence and clinical outcomes of VAP in the ICU.
  • To identify risk factors and the microbiological profile of VAP.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study of 138 intubated ICU patients (>48 hours).
  • Data collected on risk factors, clinical outcomes, and microbiological profiles.
  • Statistical analysis included Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • VAP occurred in 21.7% of patients (34.7/1,000 MV days); mortality was 50%.
  • Significant risk factors included age >55, prolonged ventilation, and chronic lung disease.
  • Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common pathogens, with high rates of multidrug resistance (MDR).

Conclusions:

  • High incidence and mortality of VAP observed in ICU patients.
  • Emphasizes the need for strict VAP bundle implementation and infection control.

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