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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hospital Epidemiology

Background:

  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) poses a significant threat, particularly early in hospitalization.
  • Limited Indian data exist on VAP incidence and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the occurrence and clinical outcomes of VAP in the ICU.
  • To identify risk factors and the microbiological profile of VAP.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study of 138 intubated ICU patients (>48 hours).
  • Data collected on risk factors, clinical outcomes, and microbiological profiles.
  • Statistical analysis included Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • VAP occurred in 21.7% of patients (34.7/1,000 MV days); mortality was 50%.
  • Significant risk factors included age >55, prolonged ventilation, and chronic lung disease.
  • Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common pathogens, with high rates of multidrug resistance (MDR).

Conclusions:

  • High incidence and mortality of VAP observed in ICU patients.
  • Emphasizes the need for strict VAP bundle implementation and infection control.