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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain

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Published on: October 2, 2018

Brain Eater Amoeba: A Case Report.

Cs Usha Nagadevi¹, T R Anand²

¹Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India

|June 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a deadly brain infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, can result from nasal rinsing with contaminated tap water. Early diagnosis via CSF wet mount is crucial for suspected cases.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Neurology
Microbiology

Background:

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba found in warm freshwater and soil.
It causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a fatal central nervous system infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight a rare case of PAM caused by nasal rinsing with tap water.
To emphasize the importance of considering PAM in differential diagnoses for meningoencephalitis.

Main Methods:

A case study of a 36-year-old male presenting with symptoms suggestive of meningoencephalitis.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, including wet mount microscopy, PCR, and Sanger sequencing.
Epidemiological investigation linking tap water to the infection.

Main Results:

CSF wet mount revealed motile trophozoites consistent with Naegleria fowleri.
PCR and Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of Naegleria fowleri.
Tap water used for nasal rinsing was identified as the source of infection.

Conclusions:

Preventable yet fatal PAM should be considered in suspected pyogenic meningoencephalitis cases.
Nasal rinsing with tap water is a potential route of infection.
Early diagnosis is aided by CSF wet mount examination in Gram stain-negative samples.