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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment
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Mining robust in situ phosphorus-accumulating organisms via single-cell RACS-Culture for rational ecosystem

Xiaoyan Jing1, Yanhai Gong2, Yishang Ren2

  • 1College of Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China.

Water Research
|June 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method to find and use microbes for ecosystem engineering. This strategy successfully identified a novel polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) that significantly improved phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment.

Keywords:
Ecosystem engineeringPhosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs)Single-cell raman-activated cell sorting and culturing (scRACS-Culture)Wastewater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Rational ecosystem engineering is limited by difficulties in identifying and culturing key microbes in situ.
  • Effective microbial mining requires methods to profile and isolate organisms based on their actual metabolic functions within their native environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate an In-situ Metabolism driven Sorting, Culture and Augmentation (IMSCA) strategy.
  • To mine in situ polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) for enhanced wastewater treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Raman-activated Cell Sorting coupled to single-cell culture (scRACS-Culture) for label-free profiling and isolation.
  • Quantitatively assessed single-cell polyphosphate-accumulating activities directly from environmental samples using Raman spectroscopy.
  • Cultivated and characterized high-activity PAOs identified in situ.

Main Results:

  • Identified Micrococcus luteum CI5-8 as a novel type of PAO with distinct physiological traits (e.g., no anaerobic phosphate release, glycogen reliance).
  • This novel PAO exhibited significantly higher activity in situ compared to pure cultures.
  • Redesigned wastewater treatment processes incorporating MCI5-8 increased phosphorus removal efficiency from 45% to 89% in an anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (AAO) reactor.

Conclusions:

  • The IMSCA strategy enables efficient bioresource mining by "screen-first, culture-second" approach based on in situ metabolism.
  • This method is broadly applicable for rational ecosystem engineering and discovering novel microbial functions.
  • The identified novel PAO offers a promising solution for improving phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment.