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Physical activity pattern and Pre-eclampsia risk biomarkers: an observational study.

Ana M Cagiao1, Pablo Díaz-Brage2, Manuel-Avelino Giráldez1

  • 1Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.

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Higher physical activity in early pregnancy is linked to increased placental growth factor (PlGF), a key biomarker for pre-eclampsia risk. This suggests moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may positively influence pre-eclampsia development.

Keywords:
First-trimester screeningPhysical activityPre-eclampsiaPre-eclampsia biomarkers

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Biomarkers of Pregnancy

Background:

  • Preterm pre-eclampsia (PE) screening involves maternal risk factors, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), and serum placental growth factor (PlGF).
  • Exercise interventions can improve vascular function in pregnancy, potentially balancing angiogenic factors.
  • Limited research exists on the association between sedentarism, physical activity, and PE biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and sedentarism levels with PE risk biomarkers.
  • To test the hypothesis that higher physical activity (PA) is associated with lower MAP and UtA-PI, and higher PlGF.

Main Methods:

  • An ancillary study using convenience sampling from the PREVAL cohort.
  • Objective measurement of physical activity and sedentarism via actigraphy (GT9X Actigraph) in 21 women during the first trimester.
  • Measurement of PE biomarkers: UtA-PI (ultrasound), PlGF (serum), and MAP (sphygmomanometer).
  • Stratification into active/low-active and sedentary/low-sedentary groups for biomarker comparisons using T-test or Mann Whitney U-test.

Main Results:

  • Serum PlGF levels were 57.6% higher in the active group compared to the low-active group (P=0.018).
  • Lower MAP and UtA-PI were observed in the active and low-sedentary groups, though not statistically significant.
  • Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) showed a significant association with PlGF levels.

Conclusions:

  • Objectively measured physical activity, particularly MVPA, is associated with higher PlGF levels in early pregnancy.
  • Findings suggest a potential link between physical activity and biomarkers relevant to pre-eclampsia risk.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm the role of physical activity in PE prevention.