Oral frailty and fall risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis in adults aged 45 and over

Oral health plays a vital role in overall well-being among older adults. Oral frailty-characterized by impaired chewing ability, reduced saliva production, and tooth loss-has been linked to an increased risk of physical decline, particularly falls. Falls are a major health concern in aging populations due to their impact on independence and healthcare burden. This study investigates the association between oral frailty and the occurrence of falls to inform prevention strategies and health policy.

A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify studies examining the relationship between oral frailty and falls among individuals aged 45 years and older. Study quality was assessed using the National Institute of Health assessment tool. Statistical analyses, including meta-analysis and assessments of heterogeneity and publication bias, were performed using R Studio and Review Manager.

From 1563 records identified, 12 studies met the eligibility criteria. The combined analysis demonstrated a significant association between oral frailty and falls, with individuals experiencing oral frailty having nearly twice the risk of falling compared to those without (pooled odds ratio 1.86). Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association among adults aged 65 years and older (odds ratio 2.03), suggesting increased vulnerability with advancing age.

There is a clear association between oral frailty and increased risk of falls among older adults. Integrating oral health into geriatric care can help reduce fall-related injuries and associated healthcare costs. These findings support expanding access to dental care as part of preventive health coverage for the aging population.