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Malignant edema in horses.

W C Rebhun, S J Shin, J M King

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |October 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Malignant edema, a serious clostridial myositis in horses, often follows injections. Early surgical and medical treatment improves survival rates for this potentially fatal condition.

    Area of Science:

    • Equine Medicine
    • Veterinary Surgery
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Malignant edema, caused by Clostridium species, is a severe condition in horses.
    • It often arises secondary to intramuscular injections or penetrating wounds.
    • Clinical signs include fever, depression, painful swelling, and toxemia.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of malignant edema in horses.
    • To identify factors associated with prognosis in affected horses.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective case series of 9 horses diagnosed with malignant edema.
    • Treatment involved surgical fenestration, high-dose penicillin, anti-inflammatories, analgesics, and fluid therapy.

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    Main Results:

    • Infection followed intramuscular injections in 8 horses and a puncture wound in 1.
    • Five horses recovered, while 4 died.
    • Horses that died presented with advanced disease signs.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt surgical intervention and aggressive medical management are crucial for treating malignant edema.
    • Early diagnosis and treatment significantly influence the prognosis in horses with clostridial myositis.