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Gastric cancer: from biomarkers to functional precision medicine
Philipp Albrecht1, Ekin Karabati2, Matthias P Ebert3
1Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology and Preclinical Models, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicine II, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute at University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
Abstract:
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a deadly disease because of late detection and limited treatment options at advanced stages. Treatment of patients with metastatic disease is based on chemotherapy, complemented by antibodies targeting HER2, VEGFR2, and more recently PD-1 or claudin 18.2. Further targets, such as FGFR2b, as well as novel drug classes including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies, are promising developments in GC treatment. Despite the failure of several targeted agents, the landscape of GC therapy is evolving rapidly, facilitated by umbrella or platform precision medicine trials. The integration of next-generation sequencing and other omics techniques into molecular tumor boards, as well as functional drug testing on patient-derived models, might bring us closer to personalized oncology and ultimately improve patient survival.
Insights
Gastric cancer treatment is evolving with new targeted therapies and precision medicine approaches. Advances in molecular diagnostics and patient-derived models aim to improve survival for advanced gastric cancer patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Gastroenterology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Gastric cancer (GC) presents a significant mortality challenge due to late detection and limited advanced-stage treatment options.
- Current treatments for metastatic GC include chemotherapy and targeted antibodies (HER2, VEGFR2, PD-1, claudin 18.2).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review emerging therapeutic targets and novel drug classes for gastric cancer.
- To discuss the role of precision medicine and advanced diagnostics in improving GC treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on gastric cancer therapeutics.
- Analysis of ongoing precision medicine trials and molecular diagnostic integration.
Main Results:
- Emerging targets like FGFR2b and new drug classes such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies show promise.
- Precision medicine trials and molecular tumor boards are facilitating rapid evolution in GC therapy.
Conclusions:
- Despite setbacks, the GC treatment landscape is rapidly advancing with novel targeted agents and personalized approaches.
- Integration of omics data and functional drug testing holds potential for personalized oncology and improved patient survival.
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