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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Sperm Structure and Semen Composition01:22

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During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
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Sperm Transport01:15

Sperm Transport

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The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
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Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Testes: Histology01:27

Testes: Histology

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A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...
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Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System01:16

Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System

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The accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation include the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. These ducts play a critical role in the maturation, storage, and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
The epididymis is a small, comma-shaped organ located at the back of each testicle. The epididymis can be divided into three main parts: the head, body, and tail. The head of the epididymis...
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Sperm Collection of Differential Quality Using Density Gradient Centrifugation
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Seminal hyperviscosity is associated with poor sperm quality and function.

Jiao Qin1,2, Qingyuan Cheng1,2, Yingbi Wu1,2

  • 1Department of Andrology/Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 1416 Chenglong Avenue, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
|June 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Seminal hyperviscosity (SHV) significantly impairs sperm quality, affecting motility, viability, and acrosome function. This condition, found in 12.4% of samples, requires greater clinical attention for male infertility assessment.

Keywords:
Male infertilitySeminal hyperviscositySperm functionSperm quality

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Area of Science:

  • Andrology and Reproductive Medicine
  • Spermatozoa Biology
  • Male Infertility Research

Background:

  • Seminal hyperviscosity (SHV) is an emerging factor in male infertility, potentially hindering sperm motility.
  • The exact mechanisms by which SHV impacts sperm parameters and overall function require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of SHV in a large male population.
  • To investigate the association between SHV and various sperm quality parameters, including DNA integrity, acrosome function, mitochondrial function, and seminal plasma composition.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 55,733 semen samples.
  • Evaluation of SHV prevalence and its correlation with sperm motility, morphology, viability, DNA fragmentation index (DFI), acrosomal function, mitochondrial membrane potential, and seminal plasma composition (fructose levels).

Main Results:

  • SHV was present in 12.4% of samples, with prevalence correlating to reduced semen volume, sperm count, progressive motility, viability, and normal morphology.
  • SHV samples demonstrated impaired acrosomal function and lower mitochondrial membrane potential.
  • Mild/moderate SHV showed lower DFI, while severe SHV exhibited increased high DNA stainability (HDS) and chromatin condensation anomalies. Abnormal fructose levels were noted in SHV groups.

Conclusions:

  • SHV exerts multifaceted negative effects on sperm function, extending beyond motility, and holds significant clinical relevance for male fertility evaluations.
  • Clinicians should increase focus on semen viscosity assessment.
  • Standardized viscosity testing and targeted therapies for associated glandular dysfunctions are needed to enhance diagnostic precision and treatment efficacy.