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Head and Neck Venous Malformations in Children: Clinical Characteristics, Therapeutic Approach, and Outcomes

Andrea Fernanda González-Moreno1, Isabel Alejandra Escobar-Basurto1, Silvia Angélica Carmona-Cruz1

  • 1Dermatology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico.

Pediatric Dermatology
|June 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric head and neck venous malformations (VM) are common, often diagnosed late. Sclerotherapy treatment led to significant improvement in most children with these facial vascular anomalies.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Venous malformations (VM) represent the most prevalent type of vascular malformation in pediatric populations.
  • Head and neck region is a common site for VM presentation in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate clinical characteristics, management strategies, and treatment outcomes for pediatric patients with head and neck venous malformations.
  • To identify common VM types and diagnostic delays in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 51 pediatric patients treated at a Vascular Anomalies Center.
  • Review of clinical data, including patient demographics, VM presentation, diagnostic timelines, treatment modalities, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The majority of cases involved isolated, spongiform VMs on the face, typically manifesting in infancy but diagnosed by preschool age.
  • Sclerotherapy was the most frequently employed treatment.
  • A significant proportion of patients experienced partial to complete resolution of their venous malformations following treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric head and neck VMs are frequently isolated and of the spongiform type, with common delays in diagnosis.
  • Sclerotherapy is an effective treatment, yielding positive outcomes for the majority of patients.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing pediatric head and neck venous malformations.

Keywords:
headnecksclerotherapyvascular malformationvenous malformation

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