[Research advances in perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer]

Perineural invasion (PNI) in pancreatic cancer,as an important clinical pathological feature,not only participates in various biological processes such as development,growth,invasion,and metastasis of pancreatic cancer,but also is closely associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. This article systematically reviews the latest research advancements in the field of PNI in pancreatic cancer,providing a multidimensional analysis of its anatomical basis,cytokine regulatory networks,metabolic reprogramming mechanisms,vesicle-mediated molecular transport,immune-neural interactions,pain-inducing pathomechanism,quantitative assessment frameworks,experimental model construction,cutting-edge technological applications,and innovations in surgical strategies. In the surgical domain,precision techniques combining targeted nerve plexus resection with molecular-targeted probes have significantly improved the R0 resection rate,while surgical navigation strategies based on single-cell spatial transcriptomics offer novel insights for optimizing therapeutic paradigms. Future research should prioritize the discovery of PNI-specific molecular targets,multidimensional exploration of the neural-immune-metabolic axis,and addressing the challenges of integrating interdisciplinary technologies into clinical translation.