Research Progress on Electrode Structure of Transparent Supercapacitor

Supercapacitors are a crucial part of electronic equipment, the development of smart devices such as LEDs, touchscreens, and portable electronics, prompt supercapacitors with new features such as transparency and flexibility. The construction of transparent electrodes includes two main ways: i) electrode material is intrinsically transparent, and ii) networks with controllable distribution of voids or discontinuous regions (multi-gap network structures) increase the transmittance to achieve transparency. Few types of transparent materials, high costs, and complicated preparation limit the development of transparent supercapacitor (TSCs). Therefore, the realization of transparency through electrode structure has caused extensive research. However, a systematic summary of how to construct transparent electrode structures is still lacking, in this paper the transparent mechanism and optical basic principle, the design structures of the device, and an important parameter of transparent electrodes especially for TSCs are described. Following that, the various structures of TSC electrodes created thus far, and the fabrication methodologies used. Finally, the different domains in which TSCs are successfully utilized are summarized, as are emerging and potential applications. The solutions derived from these studies have important implications for improving our understanding of transparent electrode construction and facilitating practical applications.