Rare earth composite MOFs materials for energy, environmental and medical applications

Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen specialized elements that have shown irreplaceable roles in energy, environment and medical fields due to their unique electronic structures and chemical properties. Rare Earth Composite Metal-Organic Frameworks (RE-MOFs) have become a hotspot for interdisciplinary research as they combine the excellent properties of REEs with the porous properties of MOFs, which have high specific surface area, adjustable pore size, abundant active sites, and multifunctionality. In this paper, we systematically review the progress of the application of RE-MOFs in the fields of energy storage and conversion, pollution control, and biomedicine, analyze the performance optimization strategies and challenges, and look forward to the future development direction. Through integrated material design, innovation in synthesis methods and interdisciplinary cooperation, RE-MOFs are expected to drive the commercialization of next-generation high-performance materials and help achieve the global sustainable development goals.