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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Calciphylaxis: A Mimic of Vasculitis.

Dilara Bulut Gökten1, Rıdvan Mercan1

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Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Calciphylaxis is a rare, fatal skin disease causing tissue death due to vascular calcification, especially in end-stage renal disease patients. Early diagnosis and prevention are crucial due to high mortality and lack of definitive treatments.

Keywords:
arteriolescalcificationcalciphylaxisend stage renal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Dermatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Calciphylaxis is a severe condition characterized by vascular calcification and skin necrosis.
  • It disproportionately affects patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to abnormal mineral metabolism.
  • The pathophysiology involves calcium deposition in arterioles, leading to ischemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To increase awareness of calciphylaxis, a rare and often overlooked condition.
  • To highlight calciphylaxis's potential to mimic other diseases like vasculitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and prompt management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of two clinical cases presenting with calciphylaxis in a rheumatology setting.
  • Analysis of existing literature on calciphylaxis pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes.
  • Comparison of calciphylaxis clinical features with vasculitis.

Main Results:

  • Calciphylaxis presents with severe ischemic and neuropathic pain, often preceding skin lesions.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical findings as specific tests are lacking.
  • Literature review indicates a significant mortality rate (34%) despite treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Calciphylaxis requires heightened clinical suspicion, particularly in ESRD patients with unexplained pain.
  • Early recognition and intervention are critical for improving patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and develop targeted therapies.