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Individual differences in affect in response to physical activity.

Shinji Takahashi1, Yosuke Sakairi2, Philip M Grove3

  • 1Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tohoku Gakuin University, Sendai, Japan.

Frontiers in Psychology
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical activity affects mood, but responses vary individually. This study found significant individual differences in how people experience changes in valence (pleasantness) and arousal after exercise, highlighting the need for personalized approaches to physical activity for mental health.

Keywords:
core affectintraclass correlation coefficientmixed modelvariance componentvigorous physical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Science
  • Psychology
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Acute physical activity positively influences psychological state and affect.
  • Individual differences in affect correlate with mental health, but responses to physical activity are not well understood.
  • Understanding individual differences in affect following exercise is crucial for adherence and mental health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively evaluate individual differences in affect in response to acute physical activity.
  • To assess variations in valence and arousal changes among individuals undergoing physical activity.
  • To explore the relationship between individual differences in affect and cognitive information processing post-exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a crossover design with running and badminton to measure valence and arousal before and after activity.
  • Utilized mixed models to analyze valence and arousal data.
  • Calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to quantify individual differences and compared variance components for affect and information processing.

Main Results:

  • Individual differences in valence and arousal in response to physical activity were significant.
  • The ICC for valence (0.603) was significantly higher than for information processing (0.171), indicating greater individual variability in pleasantness.
  • Information processing showed no significant variance component, suggesting less individual difference in this cognitive function compared to affect.

Conclusions:

  • The impact of physical activity on affect, particularly valence, varies considerably among individuals.
  • Individual differences in affective responses to exercise are substantial and should be considered in tailored physical activity interventions.
  • Personalizing exercise prescriptions based on individual affective responses may enhance mental health benefits and adherence.