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Pantoea agglomerans in Equine Ulcerative Keratitis: Prevalence and Comparative Efficacy of Four Topical Antiseptics

Frederik Heun1, Jessica Meißner2, Ann-Kathrin Schieder3

  • 1Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

Veterinary Ophthalmology
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Four topical antiseptics were tested against Pantoea agglomerans, a cause of equine eye infections. Polyhexanide, povidone-iodine, and hypochlorous acid showed rapid bactericidal effects, offering potential antibiotic alternatives.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Ophthalmology
  • Microbiology
  • Antimicrobial Research

Background:

  • Equine ulcerative keratitis is often caused by Pantoea agglomerans.
  • Antibiotic resistance necessitates exploring alternative treatments for bacterial keratitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and effective contact time of four topical antiseptics against Pantoea agglomerans.
  • To evaluate polyhexanide, povidone-iodine (PVP-I), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for treating equine ulcerative keratitis.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical isolates of Pantoea agglomerans were collected from horses with ulcerative keratitis.
  • In vitro analysis determined the MBC and optimal contact time for each antiseptic.
  • Antiseptics were tested at serial dilutions and various time points (15 seconds to 5 minutes).

Main Results:

  • The MBCs varied: HOCl (0.8 ppm) < PVP-I (16 ppm) < polyhexanide (3.2 ppm) < NAC (3200 ppm).
  • Polyhexanide, PVP-I, and HOCl demonstrated rapid bactericidal activity within 15 seconds.
  • NAC required higher concentrations and longer contact times (1-2 minutes) for efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • All tested antiseptics were effective against Pantoea agglomerans.
  • Polyhexanide, PVP-I, and HOCl offer rapid bactericidal action, suitable for equine keratitis treatment.
  • These antiseptics represent potential alternatives to antibiotics, supporting the One Health approach to reduce antimicrobial use.
Keywords:
N‐acetylcysteinePVP‐iodineeyehorsehypochlorous acidpolyhexanide

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