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Science communication in Congress: for what use?

K L Akerlof1, Maria Carmen Lemos2, Emily T Cloyd3

  • 1George Mason University, USA.

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Scientists and engineers in Congress face communication barriers. Staff struggle more with using science for policy decisions than fellows, highlighting the need for scientific fluency and context.

Keywords:
US Congressscience communicationscience policyscience use

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Area of Science:

  • Political Science
  • Science Communication
  • Public Policy

Background:

  • US Congress members depend on staff, including science and engineering fellows, for scientific information crucial to policymaking.
  • Understanding the dynamics of science communication within the highly partisan US Congress is limited.
  • Factors influencing science communication can significantly impact legislative capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and test a four-dimensional model of science communication obstacles in Congress.
  • To analyze how these obstacles differ based on the intended use of scientific information: strategic vs. substantive.
  • To identify factors that impede or facilitate the use of scientific information in legislative processes.

Main Methods:

  • Interviews with 58 congressional staff members in energy, natural resources, and science issue portfolios.
  • Surveys with 68 science and engineering fellows who completed their congressional service between 2015 and 2019.
  • Data collection occurred from November 2017 to February 2019.

Main Results:

  • Both congressional staff and fellows encounter impediments in communicating scientific information.
  • Staff report greater challenges in using science for substantive policy decisions, citing time, contacts, access, and information presentation.
  • Fellows experience fewer barriers and utilize science for policy similarly to staff.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the proposed four-dimensional model of science communication in Congress.
  • Staff scientific fluency and the specific decision-making context are critical for effective science communication.
  • Enhancing the integration of scientific expertise within legislative bodies is essential for informed policymaking.