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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

280
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
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Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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Schemas01:42

Schemas

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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Finding Disability in Everyday Life.

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    The term "disability" has evolved from a medical diagnosis to a social and political identity. This shift is driven by civil rights movements and legislation protecting people with disabilities from discrimination.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Social Sciences
    • Disability Studies
    • Political Science

    Background:

    • Historically, disability was viewed primarily through a medical lens.
    • Societal perceptions have been influenced by disability rights and human rights movements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the social and cultural impact of the term "disability."
    • To trace the evolution of disability from a medical label to a social and political identity.

    Main Methods:

    • Historical review of civil and human rights movements.
    • Analysis of legislation concerning disability rights and reasonable accommodations.

    Main Results:

    • Legislation has established people with disabilities as a protected social group.
    • The concept of "disability" now encompasses social and political dimensions beyond medical definitions.

    Conclusions:

    • The word "disability" now signifies a social and political identity.
    • Legal protections have fundamentally reshaped the understanding and societal role of disability.