Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

13.0K

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Based Population Pharmacokinetics of Amikacin in Patients at a Teaching Hospital

Nadine Arnold Steffens1, Estevan Sonego Zimmermann2, Francine Johansson Azeredo2

  • 1Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Optimizing amikacin dosing through therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic modeling helps achieve effective drug exposure. This approach is crucial for treating serious infections, especially in critically ill patients, improving treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Amikacin is vital for treating severe infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
  • Treatment success correlates with the Cmax/MIC ratio, but achieving the recommended ratio of 8 is challenging in some patients.
  • Understanding amikacin disposition through appropriate antibiotic exposure is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate therapeutic drug monitoring with a population pharmacokinetic model.
  • To assess optimal amikacin dosage regimens and associated plasma exposure.
  • To improve amikacin treatment efficacy in diverse patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma amikacin levels (peaks and troughs) were measured using LC-MS/MS.
  • Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (Monolix®) estimated pharmacokinetic parameters.
  • Probability of target attainment was evaluated using Simulx™ software.

Main Results:

  • A one-compartment model with proportional error best described amikacin pharmacokinetics.
  • Key pharmacokinetic parameters identified: Cl of 1.49 L/h and Vc of 23.18 L.
  • The developed model accurately characterized amikacin pharmacokinetics in Brazilian patients undergoing TDM.

Conclusions:

  • Combining amikacin therapeutic drug monitoring with population pharmacokinetic analysis is recommended for dose optimization.
  • This integrated strategy aids in individualizing amikacin therapy and ensuring adequate drug exposure.
  • The approach supports improved clinical outcomes, particularly in special populations like critically ill patients.
Keywords:
Monolixaminoglycosidesantibioticsdrug monitoringpopPK

More Related Videos

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii09:17

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

14.8K
Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

17.0K

Related Concept Videos

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
397
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
64
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
137
Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation01:15

Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation

The plasma drug concentration-time curve is a crucial tool in pharmacokinetics, representing the drug's concentration in plasma at different time intervals post-administration. This curve illustrates the drug's journey from absorption into the systemic circulation, distribution to body tissues, and eventual elimination through excretion or biotransformation.
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the...
1.3K
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
732
Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis00:59

Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis

Noncompartmental analyses offer an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without relying on a specific compartmental model. In this approach, the drug's pharmacokinetics are assumed to be linear, with the terminal phase log-linear. This assumption allows for simplified analysis and interpretation of the drug's behavior in the body.
One important characteristic of noncompartmental analyses is that drug exposure increases proportionally with increasing doses. This...
133