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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Optimization of a Multiplex RNA-based Expression Assay Using Breast Cancer Archival Material

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Unraveling Racial Disparities in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Comparative Bulk RNA-Sequencing Gene Expression

Luiza Barseghyan¹, Samuel Chan¹, Celina R Yamauchi¹

¹Center for Health Disparities, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.

Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)

|June 25, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Racial disparities in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are linked to distinct gene expression profiles. This study identified specific genetic factors contributing to these differences, paving the way for personalized treatments.

Keywords:

RNA-sequencing TCGA ethnicity overall survival papillary thyroid cancer pathway analysis

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Genomics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) exhibits significant racial and ethnic disparities in incidence and survival rates.
While socioeconomic factors contribute, genetic and molecular mechanisms are increasingly recognized as key drivers of these differences.
Understanding these molecular underpinnings is crucial for addressing health inequities in PTC.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in papillary thyroid cancer across different racial/ethnic groups.
To identify potential molecular drivers contributing to observed disparities in PTC incidence and survival.
To explore differences in enriched biological pathways associated with PTC across ethnic groups.

Main Methods:

Bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on 20 PTC tumor samples from White, African American, Hispanic, and Asian individuals.
Differential gene expression analysis was conducted using the UseGalaxy platform, identifying genes with p < 0.01 and fold change ≥ 2.5.
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and TCGA data were used to validate and explore racial/ethnic differences in gene expression and pathway enrichment.

Main Results:

Distinct gene expression profiles were observed among different ethnic groups.
GSEA revealed significant differences in pathways related to cell proliferation, immune regulation, and thyroid hormone metabolism.
African Americans showed evidence of immune suppression and reduced tumor suppressor activity, while Asians had enriched cell cycle and DNA repair pathways.

Conclusions:

Genetic factors play a significant role in contributing to racial/ethnic disparities in papillary thyroid cancer.
The identified molecular differences highlight the need for further validation and functional studies.
Understanding these disparities can inform the development of personalized treatment strategies to improve PTC outcomes in diverse populations.