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Related Concept Videos

Lift01:23

Lift

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Lift is a fundamental aerodynamic force that acts perpendicular to the direction of airflow. It plays a central role in achieving and sustaining flight and in stabilizing various vehicles. Lift primarily originates from pressure differences created across surfaces, such as an airfoil. A lower pressure region forms above the wing, while a higher pressure region forms below it, generating an upward force. This differential results from the shape and orientation of the airfoil, enabling the wing...
249
Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending01:23

Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending

383
The design of prismatic beams, structural elements with a uniform cross-section, focuses on ensuring safety and structural integrity under load. The design process begins by determining the allowable stress, either from material properties tables, or by dividing the material's ultimate strength by a safety factor. This safety factor is essential for accommodating uncertainties, and varies depending on the material—timber, steel, or concrete—with each having unique strength and...
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Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc01:17

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc

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Assessing safety in wind-exposed installations is crucial to preventing potential failures. This example explores the calculation and design adjustments needed to mount a circular disc on a building facade, where wind forces are a primary concern. A 4-meter diameter disc was initially designed as an aesthetic feature facing winds at a velocity of 25 meters per second, with an air density of 1.25 kilograms per cubic meter. Given these conditions, the drag force on the disc was determined using...
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Design of Transmission Shafts01:16

Design of Transmission Shafts

480
The design of a transmission shaft is governed by two primary specifications: the power it transmits and its rotational speed. These parameters guide the selection of the shaft's material and cross-sectional dimensions, ensuring that the material's maximum shearing stress remains within the elastic limit while transmitting the desired power at the given speed. The system's power is intrinsically linked to the applied torque. The torque applied to the shaft can be calculated by...
480
Two-Dimensional Force System: Problem Solving01:29

Two-Dimensional Force System: Problem Solving

685
Solving problems related to two-dimensional force systems is an essential aspect of mechanics and engineering. By applying the principles of vector analysis and force equilibrium, one can determine the effect of multiple forces acting on an object in a two-dimensional space.
The first step to solving a two-dimensional force system problem is to draw a free-body diagram of the object under consideration. This diagram helps identify all the external forces acting on the object, including their...
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Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members: Problem Solving01:07

Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members: Problem Solving

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The shear center of a channel section with uniform thickness, height, and width, is determined by computing the shear force in the member and calculating the moments of inertia of the sections.
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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

A Rapid Method for Modeling a Variable Cycle Engine
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The Conceptual Design of a Variable Camber Wing.

Spencer Troy P Cortez1, Seksan Winyangkul2, Suwin Sleesongsom1

  • 1Department of Aeronautical Engineering, International Academy of Aviation Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel three-step design for a variable camber wing (VCW) to improve unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) performance. The method integrates aerodynamic analysis, mechanism synthesis, and structural testing for advanced morphing aircraft.

Keywords:
TLBOfour-bar linkagemetaheuristicsoptimization techniquevariable camber wing

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Variable camber wings (VCWs) offer enhanced performance for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) through continuous shape adaptation.
  • Current integration techniques for VCWs lag in development, particularly during the conceptual design phase.
  • Existing high-lift devices lack the smooth airflow achievable with continuous shape alteration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel three-step design methodology for a structurally integrated variable camber wing (VCW).
  • To address the developmental gap in VCW integration techniques for morphing aircraft.
  • To achieve improved aerodynamic efficiency and structural integrity in morphing wing designs.

Main Methods:

  • Aerodynamic analysis to define optimal wing shape adaptations across diverse flight conditions.
  • Mechanism synthesis using a variant of teaching-learning-based optimization to design a four-bar linkage for trailing edge deflection.
  • Structural analysis to assess skin load-bearing capacity and overall VCW system integrity.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of a VCW mechanism meeting defined aerodynamic and structural targets.
  • Achieved an actual deflection of 9.1764°.
  • Validated structural integrity with a maximum Von Mises stress of 81.5 MPa and maximum deflection of 0.073 m.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed three-step design approach effectively integrates aerodynamic and structural requirements for VCWs.
  • This methodology facilitates the advancement of morphing aircraft technology.
  • The validated VCW design shows significant potential for enhancing overall aircraft performance.