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Towards Self-Assembling 3D-Printed Shapes Through Βiomimetic Μechanical Interlocking.

Tino Marte1,2, Savvas Koltsakidis1, Thomas Profitiliotis1

  • 1Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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Researchers developed a 3D-printed unit cell for macroscopic self-assembly, inspired by stink bugs, achieving mechanical interlocking for stable structures. This biomimetic approach shows promise for advanced material fabrication and structural integrity.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomimetics
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Macroscopic self-assembly research has evolved significantly since the late 20th century.
  • Recent advancements focus on innovative materials and external control for self-assembly.
  • Biomimicry offers novel strategies for designing functional interlocking mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and 3D-print a unit cell capable of forming a face-centered cubic lattice.
  • To implement a biomimetic mechanism for stabilizing the lattice through mechanical interlocking.
  • To investigate the self-assembly behavior and mechanical properties of the designed unit cell.

Main Methods:

  • Bio-inspiration from brown marmorated stink bug wing coupling structures using scanning electron microscopy.
Keywords:
biomimetic designinterlockingself-assemblystereolithography

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  • 3D printing of a unit cell designed for face-centered cubic lattice formation.
  • Experimental testing of self-assembly processes and compression scenarios on multiple unit cells and pyramid configurations.

    • Main Results:

    • A maximum average of 34% of unit cells remained stable, with 20% achieving mechanical interlocking during self-assembly.
    • Individual unit cells demonstrated high mechanical strength, withstanding up to 1000 N without plastic deformation.
    • Assembled pyramid configurations (5-unit cells) showed an average compression force resistance of 294 N.

    Conclusions:

    • The study presents a novel approach to macroscopic self-assembly using biomimetic mechanical interlocking.
    • The designed unit cell exhibits promising mechanical stability and interlocking capabilities.
    • Further research into unit cell production and self-assembly processes is recommended to enhance performance.