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Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

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Health-Related Gender Knowledge: Scale Development and Validation in Spanish Nursing Students.

Sara Prego-Jimenez^1,2, Jone Aliri¹, Olatz Goñi-Balentziaga¹

¹Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.

Nursing Reports (Pavia, Italy)

|June 25, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new Gender Knowledge Scale was developed for nursing students. The scale is a practical tool to assess health knowledge gaps, aiding interventions to reduce gender bias in healthcare.

Keywords:

gender bias gender knowledge gender sensitivity health students instrument development nursing nursing education psychometric validation

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Area of Science:

Healthcare Education
Medical Sociology
Nursing Research

Background:

Gender bias in healthcare is a persistent issue, often stemming from insufficient gender-related knowledge among health professionals.
Existing tools assess gender sensitivity and ideology, but a specific, generalizable instrument for health knowledge is lacking.
This study addresses the need for a validated tool to measure gender-related health knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate the Gender Knowledge Scale (GKS).
To assess gender-related health knowledge in nursing students.
To provide a tool for identifying educational needs and reducing gender bias in healthcare.

Main Methods:

A 10-item multiple-choice instrument, the Gender Knowledge Scale, was developed.
The Nominal Group Technique was employed with a multidisciplinary expert panel.
Psychometric validation was conducted on a sample of 591 nursing students.

Main Results:

The Gender Knowledge Scale demonstrated a unidimensional structure with acceptable psychometric properties.
Knowledge scores correlated with gender sensitivity but not gender-role ideology.
Prevalent misconceptions were identified regarding menstruation, cardiovascular risk, and pain, with variations across academic years but not gender.

Conclusions:

The Gender Knowledge Scale is a psychometrically sound and practical instrument for evaluating gender-related health knowledge in nursing students.
The scale can inform educational interventions designed to mitigate gender bias in clinical practice.
Further validation in diverse populations is recommended to broaden its applicability.