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Quantifying Long-Term Adaptations in Performance Variables in Adolescent Athletes: A 1.5 Year Longitudinal Training

Michael A Carron1,2, Vincent J Dalbo1,2

  • 1School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton 4702, Australia.

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Summary

This study shows adolescent males gain significant strength and muscle mass through resistance training over 1.5 years. Initial gains were larger, indicating diminishing returns in subsequent training periods for adolescent athletes.

Keywords:
fitnessgymstrength and conditioningstrength trainingyouth

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Adolescent Development

Background:

  • Adolescent athletes require structured training programs for optimal physical development.
  • Understanding the long-term effects of resistance training is crucial for periodization strategies.
  • Novice adolescent males benefit from progressive resistance training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of 1.5 years of resistance training on adolescent males.
  • To assess changes in body mass, strength, power, and aerobic capacity over two training seasons.
  • To quantify the rate of adaptation and identify potential diminishing returns in training responses.

Main Methods:

  • A 1.5-year progressive, blocked linear periodisation resistance training program was implemented.
  • Eleven novice adolescent males (mean age 16.4 years) participated.
  • Measurements of body mass, bench press, squat, medicine ball throw, and aerobic capacity were taken at the start of pre-season, end of pre-season, and end of season for two years.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in body mass, bench press, squat, and medicine ball throw were observed over time.
  • Strength and power gains were evident in both training years.
  • Relative strength gains from start of pre-season to end of pre-season were greater in the first year compared to the second year, suggesting diminishing returns.

Conclusions:

  • Resistance training is effective for improving strength, power, and body mass in adolescent males.
  • Training adaptations may slow down over prolonged periods, necessitating adjustments in training intensity or volume.
  • Quantifying diminishing returns provides valuable insights for managing training expectations and preventing overtraining in young athletes.