Micrurus nigrocinctus in Colombia: Integrating Venomics Research, Citizen Science, and Community Empowerment

Snakebite is a high-priority neglected tropical disease, and a strategic goal based on four pillars has been recommended to reduce mortality and morbidity. One is empowering rural communities through citizen science, education, and engagement. In this study, an integrative approach was used to expand our knowledge of Micrurus nigrocinctus status and characterize its venom. Using citizen science data and field visits to local communities, 99 records of M. nigrocinctus distributed in Antioquia, Chocó, and Córdoba were obtained. Children, young people, and adults recognized M. nigrocinctus as the most common coral snake species in their region, and two specimens were recovered for venomic and Phylogenetic analyses. The M. nigrocinctus venom from Colombia exhibited similar chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles and biological activities and shared nearly identical protein families with Costa Rica. Commercial coral snake antivenoms also recognized and neutralized the whole venom from both countries. However, phylogenetic relationships showed greater divergence with specimens from Costa Rica. Involving communities helps prevent coral snake bites and facilitates access to rare specimens such as M. nigrocinctus, thereby enabling venom analyses, improving antivenom evaluation, and advancing toxinology research for medically significant species.