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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes
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Deciphering Radiotherapy Resistance: A Proteomic Perspective.

Davide Perico1, Pierluigi Mauri1,2

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council ITB-CNR, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Milan, Italy.

Proteomes
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteomics can identify biomarkers to predict cancer patient response to radiotherapy, helping overcome treatment resistance. This approach aids in developing precision oncology strategies for better treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
biomarkersproteomicsradioresistance

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Radiotherapy resistance is a major challenge in cancer treatment.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of radioresistance is crucial for effective therapy.
  • Proteomics offers a powerful tool for studying tumor heterogeneity and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in proteomic technologies for identifying biomarkers of radiosensitivity and radioresistance.
  • To highlight the application of proteomics in various cancer types, including head and neck, breast, lung, and prostate cancers.
  • To discuss the potential of proteomics in overcoming radiation resistance and guiding precision oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Mass spectrometry-based proteomics for high-throughput, quantitative analyses.
  • Bioinformatic integration for biomarker and pathway identification.
  • Review of current literature on proteomics applications in radiobiology.

Main Results:

  • Proteomics can identify key mechanisms regulating radioresistance, such as DNA repair, hypoxia, and metabolic reprogramming.
  • Proteomic approaches have identified potential biomarkers predictive of radiosensitivity and radioresistance across different tumor types.
  • Technological advancements are enhancing the comprehensive analysis of radiobiology.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomics is a key approach in precision medicine for understanding tumor heterogeneity and treatment response.
  • Incorporating proteomics into radiotherapy workflows can enhance treatment efficacy and minimize toxicity.
  • Further advancements in proteomics will aid in overcoming radiation resistance and guiding personalized cancer treatment strategies.