Unveiling the role of microbial rease in ureolysis-induced calcium carbonate precipitation, Its mechanistic insights,...

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Biotechnology
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) is a crucial metalloenzyme catalyzing urea hydrolysis.
• It is found in plants, bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria, with significant biotechnological relevance.
• Microbial ureases are particularly important for various industrial and environmental applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diverse origins and catalytic mechanisms of urease.
• To emphasize the applications of microbial ureases in agriculture, remediation, diagnostics, and engineering.
• To explore ureolysis-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (UICP) and its optimization.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of urease origins, mechanisms, and applications.
• Analysis of ureolysis-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (UICP) influencing factors.
• Comparison of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP).

Main Results:

• Urease exhibits diverse origins and catalytic mechanisms, with microbial sources being highly significant.
• Applications span agriculture, heavy metal remediation, clinical diagnostics, and geotechnical engineering.
• UICP is a key process influenced by environmental and biochemical factors, with potential for optimization using machine learning.

Conclusions:

• Urease-driven technologies offer sustainable solutions for various industrial and environmental challenges.
• Further research into optimizing UICP, including machine learning approaches, can enhance process efficiency and scalability.
• Microbial ureases are pivotal in advancing eco-friendly biotechnological applications.