Estimated 2023-2024 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Adults
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.The 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines offer protection against medically attended COVID-19, particularly severe illness. Vaccination is recommended for adults to maintain effectiveness against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Area Of Science
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Vaccinology
Background
- The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2, shifts in population immunity, and updated COVID-19 vaccine formulations necessitate ongoing vaccine effectiveness (VE) monitoring.
- Understanding the VE of the latest COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for public health strategies and vaccine recommendations.
Purpose Of The Study
- To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness of the 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) encounters, hospitalizations, and critical illness.
- To assess VE during periods dominated by SARS-CoV-2 variants XBB and JN.1.
Main Methods
- A test-negative design VE case-control study was conducted from September 21, 2023, to August 22, 2024, across 6 US healthcare systems.
- Eligible participants were adults aged 18 years or older presenting with COVID-19-like illness, who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing. Case patients tested positive, and control patients tested negative.
- VE was estimated by comparing vaccination status among case and control patients.
Main Results
- VE against COVID-19-associated ED/UC encounters was 24% (95% CI, 21%-26%) between 7 and 299 days post-vaccination.
- VE against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was 29% (95% CI, 25%-33%), and against critical illness was 48% (95% CI, 40%-55%) during the same period.
- Effectiveness was highest shortly after vaccination (7-59 days) and waned over time, with negative VE estimates for ED/UC encounters and hospitalizations between 180-299 days post-vaccination.
Conclusions
- The 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated additional effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19.
- The highest and most sustained effectiveness was observed against critical illness.
- These findings underscore the importance of recommended COVID-19 vaccination for adults aged 18 years and older.
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