Levels and correlates of physical activity among wheelchair users: a cross-sectional study

Wheelchair users (WCUs) face a variety of health-related, psychological, social, and environmental barriers that can hinder their ability to engage in physical activity (PA). This study aims to examine PA among WCUs in Jordan and identify its correlates.

Study utilized a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 120 manual and powered WCUs with mobility impairments. Outcome measures used included the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities, the Functioning Every Day with a Wheelchair tool, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and the Fatigue Assessment Scale.

The mean age of the participants was 40.04 years. The majority of participants, 68.3%, used manual wheelchairs, while 31.7% used powered wheelchairs. The PASIPD mean score was 12.32 ± 10.23, ranging from 0 to 48.38. A multivariable linear regression analysis showed that PA levels were significantly associated with employment status, disability duration, stress score, history falling from wheelchair, number of wheelchairs owned currently, fatigue level, time since using a wheelchair, and type of wheelchair. The regression model explained 46.2% of the variance in the PASIPD total score (r² = 0.462, F = 9.367, p-value <0.01).

Jordanian WCUs exhibited low PA levels. Findings offer valuable insights for healthcare professionals to develop targeted interventions and support systems to promote PA and participation among WCUs. Rehabilitation interventions may include provision of customized wheelchairs, proper training on propulsion and maintenance, fatigue management, vocational programs, fall prevention as well as stress management strategies to enhance physical activity and overall participation.