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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Evolutionary Genetics
  • Fisheries Science

Background:

  • Overfishing exerts significant evolutionary pressure on marine populations.
  • Selective fishing practices can lead to rapid phenotypic changes.
  • The genetic underpinnings of these trait changes are often unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate growth trends in Eastern Baltic cod over 25 years of heavy fishing.
  • To identify potential genetic changes associated with fisheries-driven trait alterations.
  • To explore the genomic basis of growth impairment in an overexploited fish stock.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a 25-year time series data for Eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) growth.
  • Genome-wide association study to identify genetic loci linked to growth performance.
  • Examination of allele frequency changes and genetic differentiation signals.

Main Results:

  • A significant 48% decrease in asymptotic body length was observed from 1996 to 2019.
  • Genome-wide analysis identified outlier loci and candidate genes associated with reduced growth.
  • These loci exhibited signals of directional selection and genetic differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Fisheries-driven overfishing has a discernible genomic basis for growth impairment in cod.
  • The findings highlight the adaptive potential and evolutionary consequences for marine populations under fishing pressure.
  • Implications for conservation policy and sustainable fisheries management are underscored.