Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
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Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment

Published on: June 23, 2019

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Respiratory Microbial Codetection and Clinical Profiles of Infants Living With HIV Hospitalized With Severe Pneumonia

Lughano Ghambi-Zulu1,2, James Nyirenda1, Chimwemwe Chawinga3

  • 1From the Child Health Group, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|June 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

In Malawian infants with HIV and severe pneumonia, respiratory bacteria, viruses, and fungi were common. Polymicrobial coinfections were detected in all infants, linked to age and HIV viral load.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • HIV/AIDS research
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Severe pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in infants living with HIV.
  • Understanding the respiratory microbiome in this population is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and patterns of respiratory microbial coinfections in Malawian infants hospitalized with severe pneumonia and HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Respiratory samples were collected from hospitalized infants.
  • Multiplex assays were used to detect bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Main Results:

  • Bacteria (87%), viruses (85%), and fungi (40%) were frequently detected.
  • All infants exhibited polymicrobial coinfection.
  • Microbial coinfection patterns were associated with infant age and HIV viral load.

Conclusions:

  • Polymicrobial respiratory infections are prevalent in Malawian infants with HIV and severe pneumonia.
  • Age and HIV viral load are significant factors influencing respiratory microbial coinfection in this cohort.
Keywords:
HIV-infected infantsmicrobespneumonia

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