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Global Burden and Disparities in Pediatric Heart Failure: 1990-2021

Yuxing Yuan1, Chenyang Li1, Shiyi Lei1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Key Laboratory of Children's Important Organ Development and Diseases of Chongqing Municipal Health Commission, National Clinical Key Cardiovascular Specialty, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

JACC. Heart Failure
|June 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric heart failure (PHF) is a growing global health concern, with prevalence increasing significantly from 1990 to 2021. Urgent interventions are needed to address disparities and improve prevention and treatment strategies for PHF.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Global Health
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Pediatric heart failure (PHF) represents a significant global health threat, yet its full disease burden remains inadequately understood.
  • Existing data on the global impact of PHF are limited, necessitating comprehensive epidemiological assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a thorough assessment of the global burden of pediatric heart failure (PHF) utilizing the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.
  • To analyze trends in PHF prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across diverse demographic and geographic strata.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pediatric heart failure (PHF) data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, focusing on individuals aged 0-20 years.
  • Estimation of PHF prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and annual percentage changes, stratified by age, sex, region, country, and sociodemographic index (SDI).

Main Results:

  • In 2021, global PHF prevalence reached 6.01 million cases (228 per 100,000), with an 8.78% increase from 1990 to 2021.
  • Significant variations in PHF prevalence were observed across gender, age groups, countries, and regions, with a positive correlation between SDI and prevalence (P < 0.001).
  • Leading causes included congenital heart anomalies, cardiomyopathies, and rheumatic heart disease; rising YLDs indicate a projected increase in PHF burden by 2050.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights a concerning rise in the global burden of pediatric heart failure (PHF), emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.
  • Addressing geographical disparities, gender, age, and underlying etiologies is crucial for mitigating PHF's impact.
  • Developing effective prevention and treatment strategies, alongside focused research, is essential to combat the growing challenge of PHF in children worldwide.
Abstract

Keywords:
age-specific prevalencegeographical disparitiesglobal burden of diseasespediatric heart failureprevalence

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