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Related Concept Videos

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:28

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview

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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

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Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
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Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Thermodynamics: Chemical Potential and Activity01:10

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The effective concentration of a species in a solution can be expressed precisely in terms of its activity. Activity considers the effect of electrolytes present in the vicinity of the species of interest and depends on the ionic strength of the solution. The activity of a species is expressed as the product of molar concentration and the activity coefficient of the species.
The thermodynamic equilibrium constant is more accurately defined in terms of activity rather than concentration.
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The thermodynamic pharma challenge: A cross-cutting perspective.

Gabriele Sadowski1, Georgios M Kontogeorgis2, Fiora Artusio3

  • 1Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced thermodynamic modeling is crucial for overcoming challenges in pharmaceutical development, particularly low solubility and bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This approach enhances the design of stable drug formulations and improves production efficiency.

Keywords:
APIDrugPharmaProcessThermodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Pharmaceutical development faces significant hurdles with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), especially concerning their low solubility and bioavailability, impacting over 90% of new drug molecules.
  • Ensuring the stability, safety, and purity of pharmaceutical products is paramount for therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the "Thermodynamic Pharma Challenge" by fostering discussion between industry and academia.
  • To identify key bottlenecks in thermodynamic research relevant to pharmaceutical development.
  • To highlight the role of thermodynamics in improving pharmaceutical product design and manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • The study summarizes discussions and presentations from the IUT Symposium at ECCE/ECAB 2023.
  • Focus on a panel discussion and contributed talks addressing thermodynamic challenges in pharmaceuticals.
  • Emphasis on the need for advanced thermodynamic modeling and experimental data.

Main Results:

  • The symposium underscored the critical need for enhanced thermodynamic modeling to predict API solubility, stability, and dissolution behavior.
  • Reducing experimental workload through modeling is essential for efficient pharmaceutical development.
  • Identified the necessity for collaborative efforts between industry and academia.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced thermodynamic modeling is vital for developing stable pharmaceutical formulations.
  • Improved understanding and application of thermodynamics can increase the efficiency of pharmaceutical production processes.
  • Bridging the gap between thermodynamic research and pharmaceutical application is key to future drug development.