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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

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Increasing airflow ventilation in a nasal maxillary ostium using optimised shape and pulsating flows.

Patrick Warfield-McAlpine1, David F Fletcher2, Fiona Zhang1

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Altering the curvature of the nasal maxillary ostium improves airflow. Higher pulsating flow frequencies enhance ventilation but may affect drug delivery, offering insights for respiratory therapies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Maxillary sinus ventilation is crucial for nasal health, but inflammation can obstruct airflow via the ostia.
  • Current surgical widening of the ostia restores airflow but may cause complications.
  • Understanding airflow dynamics is key to improving treatments for sinus-related respiratory issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how geometric modifications and pulsating flow affect airflow in a model of the nasal maxillary ostium.
  • To analyze the impact of varying anterior and posterior curvature radii and oscillatory frequencies on airflow distribution.
  • To provide insights for optimizing respiratory therapies and inhalation toxicology assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on a circular T-junction model.
  • Simulated airflow under oscillatory inlet velocities at frequencies of 30, 45, 60, and 75 Hz.
  • Varied the anterior and posterior radius of curvature (Rc) to mimic ostium geometry.

Main Results:

  • Increased anterior curvature (Rc) significantly improved airflow into the maxillary ostium (y-branch).
  • Posterior curvature had a negligible effect on airflow distribution.
  • Higher oscillatory frequencies led to increased reverse flow, potentially aiding ventilation but complicating drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Geometric modifications, specifically anterior curvature, can optimize airflow through the nasal maxillary ostium.
  • Pulsatile flow characteristics influence ventilation and particle deposition, with implications for drug delivery and toxicology.
  • Findings can inform the design of improved respiratory devices and therapeutic strategies.