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Adaptation of the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures for the measurement of catastrophic health expenditures.

Health economics·2024
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A Simple Measure of Catastrophic Health Expenditures.

Tomson Ogwang1, Germano Mwabu2

  • 1Department of Economics, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.

Health Economics
|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We introduce a new Watts-type measure for catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). This tool helps identify drivers of CHE and allows subgroup analysis for better health policy.

Keywords:
Watts poverty measureadditive decompositioncatastrophic health expendituremultiplicative decompositiontemporal dynamicsthree i's of catastrophic health expenditure

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Public Health
  • Econometrics

Background:

  • Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) poses a significant financial burden on households globally.
  • Existing measures may lack detailed analytical capabilities for policy development.
  • Understanding the drivers and distribution of CHE is crucial for effective health financing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel Watts-type measure for assessing catastrophic health expenditure (CHE).
  • To develop a measure that is both additively and multiplicatively decomposable.
  • To demonstrate the empirical application and policy relevance of the proposed CHE measure.

Main Methods:

  • Adaptation of the classic Watts poverty measure to catastrophic health expenditure.
  • Utilizing ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for estimation and additive decomposition.
  • Introducing temporal dynamics analysis for the Watts-type CHE measure.

Main Results:

  • The proposed Watts-type measure is additively decomposable, allowing analysis of CHE contributions by subgroups (e.g., gender, race, region).
  • The measure is multiplicatively decomposable, identifying key drivers: CHE incidence, intensity, and inequality.
  • Empirical application demonstrates the policy value and utility as a supplement to existing measures.

Conclusions:

  • The Watts-type CHE measure offers a flexible and informative tool for health economic analysis.
  • Its decomposability enhances understanding of CHE drivers and subgroup contributions.
  • This measure can inform targeted policy interventions to mitigate the impact of catastrophic health spending.