Neoantigen-Based Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer: Advances, Challenges and Prospects

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Lung cancer presents significant treatment challenges due to late diagnosis and poor prognosis.
• There is a critical need for novel and effective therapeutic strategies.
• Neoantigen-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising avenue for lung cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the biological characteristics, prediction, identification, and mechanism of action of neoantigens in lung cancer.
• To explore the clinical applications, challenges, and future prospects of neoantigen immunotherapy for lung cancer.
• To provide insights for advancing precision immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and systematic summarization of existing research on neoantigens in lung cancer.
• Analysis of neoantigen characteristics, including their origin from somatic cell mutations.
• Evaluation of neoantigen prediction and identification methodologies.

Main Results:

• Neoantigens are tumor-specific, offering high specificity and low immunotolerance compared to tumor-associated antigens.
• Neoantigen immunotherapy demonstrates particular efficacy in lung cancer patients with a high tumor mutation load.
• The review covers biological aspects, identification methods, mechanisms, clinical use, and challenges.

Conclusions:

• Neoantigen immunotherapy represents a novel precision treatment strategy for lung cancer.
• Its high specificity and safety profile make it an attractive option, especially for high tumor mutation burden cases.
• Further research and clinical application of neoantigens hold significant promise for improving lung cancer treatment outcomes.