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Brain, Cognition, and Psychoanalysis: A Scoping Review.

Anna Rita Giovagnoli1, Panayiotis Patrikelis2, Annalisa Parente1

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Brain Sciences
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Psychoanalytic psychotherapy (PP) may enhance cognitive functions and brain connectivity in patients with neurotic and depressive disorders. Empirical studies show improvements in executive functions, emotional intelligence, and brain activity following PP.

Keywords:
brain connectivityexecutive functionslanguagememoryneurologypsychoanalytic psychotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Psychotherapy Research

Background:

  • Psychoanalytic psychotherapy (PP) may induce neurobiological changes.
  • Cognitive functions and brain connectivity are potential markers of therapy-induced changes.
  • Empirical evidence on PP's impact on cognition and brain connectivity needs synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review empirical studies on the effects of PP on cognitive functions.
  • To identify cognitive domains and assessment instruments used in PP research.
  • To evaluate changes in brain connectivity following PP.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search adhering to Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.
  • Searched databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, EBSCO, Cochrane, and Google Scholar.
  • Included studies on non-psychotic disturbances published from 1980 to September 2024.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-nine articles were included; five reported cognitive outcomes.
  • Abstraction and mentalization remained stable; executive functions, emotional intelligence, and attention improved with PP.
  • Twelve studies demonstrated functional brain changes (fMRI, PET, SPECT, EEG) post-PP.

Conclusions:

  • Empirical evaluation of PP's impact on brain and cognition is limited.
  • PP shows potential to stimulate cognitive function and brain connectivity in neurotic and depressive disorders.
  • Further research and interdisciplinary communication between neurology and psychoanalysis are essential.