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Cognitive Control and Prefrontal Neural Efficiency in Experienced and Novice E-Gamers.

Jan Watson1, Adrian Curtin1, Yigit Topoglu1

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

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|June 26, 2025
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Summary

Experienced gamers exhibit enhanced cognitive control (CC) in updating and shifting tasks, demonstrating greater prefrontal cortex (PFC) neural efficiency. This study highlights the impact of extensive electronic gaming on cognitive skills.

Keywords:
Stroop taskcognitive controldigit–symbol substitution task (DSST)dual visual search task (DVST)fNIRSfirst-person shooter (FPS)neuroergonomicsprefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Cognitive control (CC) is crucial for goal-directed behavior and is linked to prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity.
  • Electronic gaming, particularly first-person shooter (FPS) genres, requires advanced CC skills developed through practice.
  • The neural correlates of CC in experienced e-gamers are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate behavioral and neural differences in CC between novice and experienced FPS gamers.
  • To examine the impact of prolonged FPS gaming on PFC hemodynamic responses during cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 70 novices and 50 experienced FPS gamers (n=120).
  • Assessed CC subdomains (updating, shifting, inhibition) using Digit-Symbol Substitution, Dual Visual Search, and Stroop tasks.
  • Measured PFC activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Main Results:

  • Experienced gamers demonstrated superior neural efficiency in PFC for updating and shifting tasks.
  • Minimal differences in inhibitory control were observed between groups.
  • fNIRS data revealed distinct patterns of PFC activation related to gaming experience.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged FPS gaming enhances neural efficiency for specific CC functions, particularly updating and shifting.
  • Findings suggest that e-gaming expertise can generalize to improved cognitive performance in demanding environments.
  • Results support neuroergonomic applications for evaluating cognitive skills in trained individuals.