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Evaluating a Rapid Immunity Test to Predict Dairy Calf Mortality Risk.

Ansley M Roper1, Caroline Guzi Savegnago1, Thiago N Marins1

  • 1Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

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|June 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The D2Dx immunity test effectively identifies newborn dairy calves at high risk of mortality, outperforming Brix values on farms with low mortality rates. However, its predictive accuracy may decrease when other risk factors are present.

Keywords:
D2Dx immunity testcalf mortality riskhumoral immunitytransfer of passive immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Science
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Calf mortality within the first 30 days of life is a significant concern in dairy farming.
  • Early identification of calves with low immunity is crucial for timely intervention and improved survival rates.
  • Brix values and the D2Dx immunity test are potential indicators of calf health and immune status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of Brix values and the D2Dx immunity test in predicting mortality risk in young dairy calves.
  • To evaluate these predictive tools across farms with differing calf mortality rates.

Main Methods:

  • Heifer calves (n=1547) from two farms with distinct mortality rates were enrolled at 2-3 days of age.
  • Serum samples were collected to measure Brix values and D2Dx scores.
  • These values were compared between calves that survived and those that died within the first 30 days of life.

Main Results:

  • Calves that survived had significantly higher serum Brix values and D2Dx scores at 2-3 days of age on both farms.
  • On the low-mortality farm (Farm A), the D2Dx score demonstrated superior sensitivity (96% vs. 48%) and Area Under the Curve (0.87 vs. 0.69) compared to Brix.
  • On the high-mortality farm (Farm B), the D2Dx test's predictive performance was less distinct, suggesting the influence of additional risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • The D2Dx immunity test is a valuable tool for identifying newborn dairy calves with compromised immunity and elevated mortality risk.
  • The predictive accuracy of the D2Dx test is highest when confounding risk factors are minimal.
  • Further research may be needed to refine the D2Dx test's application in diverse farm environments with multiple risk factors.