Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Lysine-Mediated Proliferative Mechanisms in Mongolian Horse Myogenic Satellite Cells

Skeletal muscle satellite cells are muscle stem cells that play an important role in the growth, development, and repair of skeletal muscle as well as in the locomotor performance of the animal body. Lysine is the first limiting amino acid and is involved in multiple metabolic pathways in the organism to maintain overall physiological requirements. In this study, Mongolian horse satellite cells were cultured using lysine culture solution at different concentrations, and the proliferative capacity of satellite cells was detected by the cck-8 assay, and the optimal culture concentration was selected. Then, whole transcriptome sequencing technology was used to determine the differential gene expression and regulatory pathways during the proliferation of lysine-cultured satellite cells after 48 h of culture. Our findings revealed that 0.5 mmol/L lysine is the optimal concentration to increase satellite cell activity in equine muscle. The differential genes involved in satellite cell proliferation were mainly enriched in the cAMPsignaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and PPAR signaling pathway. Furthermore, upregulation of PLIN5, ACADL, and FADS2 and downregulation of LOC100052888 regulated the expression of the PPAR signaling pathway. 0.5 mmol/L lysine was the optimal concentration to increase satellite cell activity. Lysine can regulate mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism through the PPAR signaling pathway, and promote the proliferation of equine myosatellite cells.