Genome-Wide Association Study for Individual Primal Cut Quality Traits in Canadian Commercial Crossbred Pigs

Area of Science:

• Animal Genetics
• Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis
• Genomic Selection

Background:

• Pork quality is significantly influenced by fat deposition and composition.
• Understanding the genetic basis of fat traits is crucial for improving meat quality in commercial pig populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify genomic variants and candidate genes associated with eleven primal cut fat traits in Canadian commercial crossbred pigs.
• To explore the genetic architecture underlying fat deposition and composition for potential application in breeding programs.

Main Methods:

• Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using whole genome sequencing data from 1118 commercial crossbred pigs.
• Analysis focused on identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with various fat-related traits across pig chromosomes.

Main Results:

• Multiple QTLs were detected on chromosomes SSC1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, and 17, associated with diverse fat traits.
• A significant SNP on SSC1 was linked to multiple fat traits, and genes such as MC4R, RNF152, and CDH20 showed potential pleiotropic effects.
• Additional candidate genes including TNFRSF11A, LEPR, and SERPINB family genes were implicated in fat metabolism and adipogenesis.

Conclusions:

• The study identified key genetic regions and candidate genes influencing fat deposition and composition in pigs.
• These findings provide valuable genetic insights that can guide breeding strategies for enhanced pork quality.