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Dita.te-A Dictation Assessment Instrument with Automatic Analysis.

Daniela Saraiva¹, Ana Margarida Ramalho², Ana Rita Valente³

¹Psilexis, 1050-083 Lisbon, Portugal.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 26, 2025

Summary

The Dita.te tool reliably assesses children's dictation skills in European Portuguese. Orthographic competence is generally stable by 3rd grade, with residual errors noted in typical development.

Keywords:

automatic analysis dictation assessment instrument reliability

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Area of Science:

Linguistics
Educational Psychology
Speech and Language Pathology

Background:

No validated automated tools exist for European Portuguese connected text dictation.
Existing international studies focus on word dictation and lack automatic scoring.
This study addresses the need for reliable assessment of children's written language skills.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the reliability (internal consistency, inter-rater) of the Dita.te tool for automated analysis of text dictation.
To establish normative data for text dictation performance in European Portuguese children (3rd-6th grade).
To analyze error patterns in children's orthographic performance.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Dita.te tool with 315 European Portuguese children (3rd-6th grade).
Assessed orthographic errors using phonological, morphological, and prosodic criteria.
Analyzed reliability (internal consistency, inter-rater) and established normative data via descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests.

Main Results:

The Dita.te tool demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = 0.929) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.925).
Orthographic errors significantly decreased from 3rd to 6th grade.
Syllable nucleus errors were most frequent, followed by orthographic substitutions (grapheme omission being prevalent).

Conclusions:

The Dita.te tool is a reliable method for assessing children's connected text dictation in European Portuguese.
Orthographic competence appears largely established before 3rd grade, with typical development showing residual errors.
Findings provide valuable insights into developmental orthographic patterns and assessment needs.