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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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ADHD Children Take More Time to Inhibit Automatic Responses: A Comparison with Anxiety Disorders Using NEPSY-II.

Fabiola Panvino1, Valerio Zaccaria1, Michela Pica1

  • 1Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy.

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Summary

Children with anxiety disorders (AD) showed better inhibition than those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or comorbid ADHD + AD. Anxiety may influence executive functions, highlighting the need for differential diagnosis using tools like NEPSY-II and MASC 2.

Keywords:
ADHDanxiety disordersattentioninhibitionneuropsychologyworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Child and adolescent psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders (AD) frequently co-occur in youth, presenting overlapping symptoms.
  • Differentiating between ADHD and AD is crucial for effective treatment planning.
  • Executive functions, including attention, inhibition, and working memory, are key areas of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare executive functions in children with ADHD, AD, and comorbid ADHD + AD.
  • To identify potential neuropsychological markers for differential diagnosis.
  • To explore the influence of anxiety on cognitive performance in these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed executive functions (attention, inhibition, working memory) in 48 children (aged 8-15) using WISC-IV and NEPSY-II.
  • Utilized the MASC 2 questionnaire to measure anxiety symptoms.
  • Categorized participants into three groups: ADHD, AD, and ADHD + AD.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in attention or working memory across groups.
  • Children with AD demonstrated superior inhibition compared to ADHD and ADHD + AD groups.
  • Children with ADHD exhibited slower response times, and better inhibition correlated with higher anxiety severity.

Conclusions:

  • Anxiety may modulate executive functions, particularly inhibition, in children with ADHD and AD.
  • Distinguishing ADHD from AD based on executive function profiles, especially inhibition, is important.
  • The NEPSY-II and MASC 2 are recommended for facilitating differential diagnosis in clinical practice.