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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

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Human Papillomavirus and Other Relevant Issues in Cervical Cancer Pathogenesis.

Amitabha Ray1

  • 1School of Health Professions, D'Youville University, 320 Porter Ave, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cervical cancer development involves more than just human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Other viral infections, vaginal bacteria, and estrogen also play significant roles in cervical cancer progression.

Keywords:
HPVcervical lesionscervicovaginal bacteriahormonessocial factorstobacco

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Oncology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cervical cancer remains a significant global health concern for women.
  • High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is detected in most cervical cancer cases.
  • Emerging evidence suggests HPV alone may not be sufficient for cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifactorial nature of cervical cancer development.
  • To investigate the roles of co-infections, vaginal microbiota, and estrogen in cervical carcinogenesis.
  • To identify additional risk factors beyond HPV for cervical neoplastic lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cervical cancer risk factors.
  • Analysis of studies investigating viral co-infections (HIV, HSV-2).
  • Examination of research on the impact of vaginal bacterial species (e.g., Lactobacillus crispatus, Gardnerella vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis) on the cervicovaginal environment.
  • Evaluation of the role of estrogen and estrogen receptors in cervical cancer.

Main Results:

  • Cervical cancer development is influenced by factors beyond HPV.
  • Viral co-infections like HIV and HSV-2 are associated with increased risk.
  • Specific vaginal bacteria can adversely affect the cervicovaginal environment, potentially promoting malignancy.
  • Estrogen and estrogen receptors are implicated in cervical cancer development and promotion, interacting with HPV and the vaginal microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Cervical cancer is a complex disease influenced by a combination of factors.
  • Understanding the interplay between HPV, other infections, microbiota, and hormonal factors is crucial for prevention and treatment.
  • Preventable factors, including infections and environmental influences, contribute to cervical neoplastic lesion progression.