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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
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Osteopontin: Its Properties, Recent Studies, and Potential Applications.

Büşra Karasalih1, Hatice Duman1, Mikhael Bechelany2,3

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Türkiye.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a versatile protein crucial for immune function, gut health, and development. Milk-derived OPN shows promise in infant nutrition and may impact cancer progression and oral health.

Keywords:
biomarkercancerimmunomodulatorinfant healthintestinal developmentmilkosteopontintemporal expression of cytokines

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Osteopontin (OPN) is a pleiotropic glycoprotein present in vertebrates, involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes.
  • OPN plays roles in tissue development, immune regulation, inflammatory responses, and cognitive functions.
  • Its expression is altered in various conditions, including cancer and infections, and it impacts the gut microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare existing knowledge on the structure and functions of Osteopontin (OPN).
  • To emphasize the impact of milk-derived OPN on human and infant health and disease.
  • To highlight OPN's roles in cancer, infections, and oral care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on Osteopontin.
  • Comparative analysis of OPN's functions across different biological contexts.
  • Focus on OPN's role in milk and its implications for infant health.

Main Results:

  • OPN is implicated in intestinal and brain development, immune system modulation, and inflammatory processes.
  • Increased OPN expression is linked to cancer metastasis, while it can prevent bacterial adhesion in infections.
  • OPN supplementation in infant formula positively affects infant immune and intestinal health.

Conclusions:

  • Osteopontin is a key protein with multifaceted roles in health and disease.
  • Milk-derived OPN has significant implications for human and infant well-being.
  • Further research into OPN's therapeutic potential in cancer, infections, and oral health is warranted.