Assessing Postnatal Immunisation Services in a Low-Resource Setting: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background/Objectives: Postnatal immunisation is critical for maternal and child health, particularly in low-income countries. Despite international efforts, maternal awareness and access to care remain limited. Understanding the drivers behind postnatal immunisation services is critical for improving neonatal and maternal healthcare interventions. Methods: A tertiary healthcare facility's postpartum mothers who were seeking immunisation services participated in a prospective cross-sectional electronic survey. Convenience sampling was used to select respondents, who then answered a structured electronic questionnaire intended to obtain information on immunisation practices. To evaluate important trends and correlations, data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. A factor analysis was performed using the principal component analysis method, eigenvalue criteria, communalities, and confirmatory factor analysis. The study adhered to the STROBE guidelines. Results: We found that postnatal mothers' good immunisation practices were influenced by their adherence to immunisation schedules (% variance: 56.407; Eigenvalue: 7.33), and significant satisfaction with communication (% variance: 8.338; Eigenvalue: 1.084); giving a cumulative variance explained of 64.745% of the total variance of variables under study. However, suboptimal practices include limited resource availability, poor record maintenance, insufficient support for side effects, a lack of support from healthcare providers, and a decline in immunisation recommendations, all of which had Eigenvalue <1 and insignificant percentage of variance contribution to the total variance explained. We developed a two-factor model of postnatal immunisation practices, focusing on adherence and effective communication. The model showed high loadings and adequate fit indices (χ²(34) = 91.333, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.945; TLI = 0.927; RMSEA = 0.071; SRMR = 0.042), good evidence of internal consistency (α = 0.823-0.877), and composite reliability (ω = 0.832-0.877). Conclusions: The study recommends a comprehensive approach to increasing newborn vaccine coverage, which includes health education, improved service delivery, and culturally sensitive communication strategies. Future research should focus on digital health interventions, community-based initiatives, and policy-driven postnatal care.