Usability of Mixed Reality for Naloxone Training: Iterative Development and Field Testing of ReviveXR

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Medical Education Technology
• Emergency Medicine Training

Background:

• Urgent need for scalable naloxone training due to increased availability.
• Current methods face challenges in creating interactive, self-efficacious platforms for layperson overdose response.
• Need to mitigate anxiety and improve real-world overdose response skills.

Purpose of the Study:

• Develop and evaluate the usability and acceptability of ReviveXR, a novel, self-paced mixed reality (MR) training tool.
• Assess ReviveXR's effectiveness in improving knowledge and confidence in overdose response.
• Compare MR-based training with traditional naloxone training modalities.

Main Methods:

• ReviveXR developed using Apple Vision Pro and Unity platform for interactive MR overdose scenarios.
• Intervention included tutorials on overdose response, rescue breathing, and chest compressions.
• Field testing with a diverse sample (N=25) including people who use drugs, bystanders, and first responders; data collected via surveys and interviews.

Main Results:

• Significant improvements in knowledge of overdose recognition, naloxone administration, rescue breathing, and chest compressions.
• Increased participant confidence and intent to assist overdose victims, reducing response uncertainty.
• Qualitative feedback highlighted enhanced engagement, realism, and preparedness compared to conventional training.

Conclusions:

• ReviveXR presents a scalable, cost-effective, and engaging alternative for naloxone training.
• Demonstrated strong feasibility across diverse settings and participant groups.
• Holds significant promise for enhancing community overdose response and training healthcare professionals and first responders.